Η αγαστή συνεργασία μεταξύ της GESTAPO και της σοβιετικής NKVD στην Πολωνία
Ελληνική Ιστορία 1940-49 .Ένα έθνος σε κρίση :: ΠΕΡΙΟΔΟΙ - ΘΕΜΑΤΙΚΕΣ ΕΝΟΤΗΤΕΣ :: Παράλληλα γεγονότα του Β' ΠΠ
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Η αγαστή συνεργασία μεταξύ της GESTAPO και της σοβιετικής NKVD στην Πολωνία
Υπενθυμίζω ότι η NKVD ήταν ο πρόγονος της KGB
Θαυμάστε τα κουμμοθνια τι "πρωτοπόροι" του αντιφασιστικού αγώνα ήταν ...........
Μιλάμε για τόσο αγαστή συνεργασία που κάνανε αλλεπάλληλα συνέδρια τρομάρα τους !!!!!!!!!!!
Χαρακτηριστικό είναι το γεγονός ότι :
1) η Σφαγή του Κατύν αποφασίσθηκε κατά τη διάρκεια ενός από αυτά τα συνέδρια όπως θα δείτε παρακάτω ...
2) Η Γκεστάπο ΚΥΡΙΟΛΕΚΤΙΚΑ θαύμαζε τις μεθόδους πατάξεως της πολωνικής αντιστάσεως που εφάρμοζε η NKVD και μάλιστα στις επίσημες αναφορές της σημείωνε ότι ήταν 60 (!!!!!!) φορές πιο αποτελεσματικές από τις γερμανικές ..........
Αυτά βέβαια σε όλη την Ευρώπη είναι γνωστότατα και στα μαθητούδια του Γυμνασίου !!!!!!!!!
Στην Ελλάδα όμως τα ερυθρά φασιστοειδή (νομίζουν ότι ) τα έχουν αποκρύψει .............
1η πηγή
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestapo%E2%80%93NKVD_Conferences
The Gestapo-NKVD conferences were a series of meetings organized in late 1939 and early 1940, whose purpose was the mutual cooperation between Nazi Germany and Soviet UnionSoviet-German cooperationCooperation between Germany and Soviet Union dates to the aftermath of the First World War. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, ending World War I hostilities between Russia and Germany, was signed on March 3, 1918...
. In spite of several differences, both Heinrich HimmlerHeinrich Himmler
Heinrich Luitpold Himmler , one of the most powerful men in Nazi Germany, served as Chief of the German Police and Minister of the Interior...
and Lavrentiy BeriaLavrentiy Beria
Lavrentiy Pavlovich Beria was a Soviet politician, and chief of the Soviet security and secret police apparatus under Stalin. He was top deputy of the NKVD during the Great Purge, responsible for many of the millions of imprisonments and killings...
had common purposes as far as the fate of Poland was concerned, and the conferences discussed coordinating plans for occupation of the Polish nation and in fighting the Polish resistance movementPolish resistance movement in World War II
The Polish resistance movement fought against the occupation of Poland during World War II. The fight against the Nazi occupation of Poland was an important part of the European anti-fascist resistance movement and had the largest partisan army in occupied Europe...
, which was an irritant to both NaziNazi Germany
Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany between 1933 and 1945, while it was led by Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Worker's Party . The name Third Reich refers to the state as the successor to the Holy Roman Empire of the Middle Ages and the German...
and SovietSoviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. The name is a translation of the , tr. Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, abbreviated СССР, SSSR. The common short name is Soviet Union, from , Sovetskiy Soyuz...
occupiers of Poland.
Out of four conferences, the third took place in the famous Tatra MountainsTatra Mountains
The Tatra Mountains, Tatras or Tatra , constitute a mountain range which forms a natural border between Slovakia and Poland. They occupy an area of 750 km², the major part of which lies in Slovakia. The highest mountain is Gerlach at 2,655 m, located in Slovakia just north of Poprad...
spa of ZakopaneZakopane
Zakopane is a town in southern Poland with some 28,000 inhabitants , situated in Lesser Poland Province since 1999...
in Poland, and is the most remembered (the Zakopane Conference). From the Soviet side, several officers of the NKVDNKVD
The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs was the public and secret police organization of the Soviet Union that directly executed the rule of power of the Soviets, including...
participated in these meetings, and the Germans brought a group of experts from the GestapoGestapo
The was the official secret police of Nazi Germany. Beginning in April 1934, it was under the overall administration of the Schutzstaffel under Heinrich Himmler in his position as leader of the SS and Chief of German Police...
.
Prelude
In 1939, after the signing of the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact in August, the German invasion of Poland on 1 September and Soviet invasion of PolandSoviet invasion of Poland (1939)
The 1939 Soviet invasion of Poland was a military operation that started without a formal declaration of war on 17 September 1939, during the early stages of World War II, sixteen days after the beginning of the Nazi German attack on Poland...
on 17 September resulted in the country being occupied by the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany.
First Conference
Little is known about this meeting. It reportedly took place on September 27, 1939 in Brzesc nad Bugiem, while some units of the Polish Army were still fighting (see: Invasion of PolandInvasion of Poland (1939)
The Invasion of Poland, also known as the September Campaign or 1939 Defensive War in Poland and the Poland Campaign in Germany, was an invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, and a small Slovak contingent that marked the start of World War II...
). Both sides correctly expected that Polish resistance would start soon, thus they discussed ways of nipping it in the bud.
Second Conference
It took place some time at the end of November 1939, probably in PrzemyślPrzemysl
Przemyśl is a city in south-eastern Poland with 66,756 inhabitants, as of June 2009. In 2006, it became part of the Subcarpathian Voivodeship; it was previously the capital of Przemyśl Voivodeship....
- a city which in the period September 1939 - June 1941 was divided into two parts, German and Soviet. Apart from talks of fighting Polish resistance, the Soviets and the Germans discussed ways of exchanging Polish POWs. Also, first discussions about the occupation of Poland were started. Some historians claim this meeting took place in LvivLviv
Lviv is a major city in western Ukraine.It is regarded as one of the main cultural centres of today's Ukraine and historically also for Ukraine’s neighbour Poland. The historic centre of Lviv with its old buildings and cobblestone roads has survived the Second World War and the Soviet presence...
. It is also claimed a meeting was held in December.
Third Conference
This one is the best known, and took place in ZakopaneZakopane
Zakopane is a town in southern Poland with some 28,000 inhabitants , situated in Lesser Poland Province since 1999...
, starting on February 20, 1940 in the villa “Pan Tadeusz”, located on the road from Zakopane to Białka Tatrzańska. The German side was represented by Adolf EichmannAdolf Eichmann
Otto Adolf Eichmann , sometimes referred to as "the architect of the Holocaust", was a Nazi and SS-Obersturmbannführer...
and an official by the name of Zimmermann, who later became chief of the Radom District of the General GovernmentGeneral Government
The General Government refers to a part of the territories of Poland under German military occupation during World War II and that were a separate part of "Greater Germany"...
. The Soviets, among others, brought Rita Zimmerman (director of a gold mine in KolymaKolyma
The Kolyma region is located in the far north-eastern area of Russia in what is commonly known as Siberia but is actually part of the Russian Far East. It is bounded by the East Siberian Sea and the Arctic Ocean in the north and the Sea of Okhotsk to the south...
) and a man named Eichmans, creator of an efficient way of killing in the back of the head.
According to several sources, one of the effects of this conference was the German 'Ausserordentliche Befriedungsaktion (see: German AB Action operation in Poland), elimination of Krakow inteligentia Sonderaktion KrakauSonderaktion Krakau
Sonderaktion Krakau was the codename for a German operation against professors and academics from the University of Kraków and other Kraków universities at the beginning of World War II....
and the Soviet Katyn massacreKatyn massacre
The Katyn massacre, also known as the Katyn Forest massacre , was a mass murder of thousands of Polish military officers, policemen, intellectuals and civilian prisoners of war by Soviet NKVD, based on a proposal from Lavrentiy Beria to execute all members of the Polish Officer Corps...
(a number of historians, including Norman DaviesNorman Davies
Professor Ivor Norman Richard Davies Fellow of the British Academy is a leading British historian of Welsh descent, noted for his publications on the history of Poland, Europe, and the United Kingdom.- Academic career :Davies studied in Grenoble, France . He was a disciple of A. J. P...
, claim that these two events were carried out cooperatively). Also, both sides agreed in the final protocol that the Polish nation should be completely moved out by the year 1975, either by mass murders or by deportations to remote areas of SiberiaSiberia
Siberia , is the vast region constituting almost all of Northern Asia and for the most part currently serving as the massive central and eastern portion of the Russian Federation, having served in the same capacity previously for the USSR from its beginning, and the Russian Empire beginning in the...
(by that year, 95% of the Poles still alive were going to be deported to the shores of the JanaJana
Jana is the spelling of several unrelated given names.* a Slavic short-form for Johanna.* the Roman goddess Diana, who was often called Jana*In India however, Jana is a shortform for the Hindu god Janarthanan....
river, located in northern Siberia, about two thousand miles north of VladivostokVladivostok
Vladivostok is Russia's largest port city on the Pacific Ocean and the administrative center of Primorsky Krai. It is situated at the head of the Golden Horn Bay not far from Russia's border with China and North Korea...
).
News about the conference must have leaked out to Great BritainGreat Britain
Great Britain is an island lying to the northwest of Continental Europe. It is the ninth largest island in the world, and the largest European island. With a population of about 59.6 million people, it is the third most populated island on Earth. Great Britain is surrounded by over 1000 smaller...
, but LondonLondon
[]London is the capital of England and the United Kingdom. It has been a major settlement for two millennia, and the history of London goes back to its founding by the Romans, when it was named Londinium. London's core, the ancient City of London, the 'square mile', retains its medieval boundaries...
did not seem to care, which was immediately noticed by Joseph StalinJoseph Stalin
Joseph Stalin was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Central Committee from 1922 until his death in 1953...
. Also, most probably in Zakopane, the Germans rejected suggestions of the Soviets to take over Polish officers, which sealed their fate. On March 5, 1940, in MoscowMoscow
Moscow is the capital and the largest city of Russia. It is also the largest metropolitan area in Europe, and ranks among the largest urban areas in the world. Moscow is a major political, economic, cultural, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the world, a...
, the decision was made to murder them.
British historian Robert ConquestRobert Conquest
George Robert Ackworth Conquest is a British historian who became a well-known writer and researcher on the Soviet Union with the publication in 1968 of The Great Terror, an account of Stalin's purges of the 1930s.-Early career:...
in his 1991 book Stalin: Breaker of Nations stated: "Terminal horror suffered by so many millions of innocent Jewish, Slavic, and other European peoples as a result of this meeting of evil minds is an indelible stain on the history and integrity of Western civilization, with all of its humanitarian pretensions". Also, professor George WatsonGeorge Watson
George Watson may refer to:* George Watson , Scottish accountant and the founder of George Watson's College in Edinburgh* George Watson , Scottish painter* George Watson , Australian rugby footballer...
from Cambridge University concluded in his "Rehearsal for the Holocaust?" Commentary (June 1981) that the fateKatyn massacre
The Katyn massacre, also known as the Katyn Forest massacre , was a mass murder of thousands of Polish military officers, policemen, intellectuals and civilian prisoners of war by Soviet NKVD, based on a proposal from Lavrentiy Beria to execute all members of the Polish Officer Corps...
of the interned Polish officers may have been decided at this conference.
Fourth conference
The fourth and last meeting took place in March 1940 in KrakowKraków
Kraków , in English also spelled Krakow or Cracow and pronounced , is one of the largest and oldest cities in Poland and a popular tourist destination. Its historic centre was inscribed on the list of World Heritage Sites as the first of its kind...
(according to some historians, it was part of the Zakopane Conference). This event was described by General Tadeusz Bór-KomorowskiTadeusz Bór-Komorowski
General Count Tadeusz Komorowski , better known by the name Bór-Komorowski was a Polish military leader....
, commander of Armia KrajowaArmia Krajowa
The Armia Krajowa , abbreviated "AK", was the dominant Polish resistance movement in World War II German-occupied Poland. It was formed in February 1942 from the Związek Walki Zbrojnej . Over the next two years, it absorbed most other Polish underground forces...
in his book “Armia Podziemna” (“The Secret Army”). In it he describes how a special delegation of NKVD came to Krakow, which was going to discuss with Gestapo how to act against the Polish resistance. The talks lasted for several weeks.
One of the ways of fighting Polish organized resistance in the German occupied General GovernmentGeneral Government
The General Government refers to a part of the territories of Poland under German military occupation during World War II and that were a separate part of "Greater Germany"...
was creation of communist organizations (such as "Hammer and Sickle" or "Association of Friends of Soviet Union"), overseen by Moscow. Left-wing activists were cooperating with the NKVD, passing to them information about Polish patriotic groups. The Soviets then handed these reports to the Gestapo.
2η πηγή
http://www.eesti.ca/?op=article&articleid=24922
The two secret police organizations implemented full collaboration in German-Soviet occupied Poland. On the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact (MRP) it is important to remind ourselves of the thoroughness with which the spirit of the pact was fulfilled by the actions of the parties involved – namely the intimate co-operation between the Nazi Gestapo and the communist NKVD (forerunner of the KGB).
From October of 1939 on the KGB and Gestapo joined in meetings in Zakopane in Poland, to discuss possibilities of joint actions. On December 7 the Gestapo-NKVD conference planned the liquidation of Polish resistance. We note that at the time, the Gestapo numbered 7,500 while the NKVD ranks had 366,000 personnel. (Both Germany and the Soviet Union had invaded Poland three months before, as agreed in the MRP).
In March-April of 1940, after six months of the joint occupation of a conquered Poland, the NKVD and Gestapo held a prolonged conference in Kraków, Poland.
The infamous Katyn forest massacre occurred about the time of this last conference. About 15,000 Polish officers, policemen and some civilian authorities who had refused to collaborate with the occupying Soviets were taken to the Katyn forest and shot in the back of the head with German bullets, but with Russian weapons. Although Poles knew the truth about this war crime, Moscow insisted that German troops were to blame. Not until the break up of the Warsaw Pact was Warsaw willing to release documents revealing Soviet culpability.
Professor George Watson and historian Robert Conquest have both concluded that the fate of the interned Polish officers had been determined at this conference. Stalin gained confidence in deciding to exterminate them from details discussed at the conference.
“Being sixty times more efficient than the Germans,” the NKVD methods for combating Polish resistance were greatly admired by the Gestapo. During these meetings the Soviet NKVD shared its well-honed terror and extermination practices with the Nazi SS. The only advanced technique that the Nazis had over Soviet methods was the use of poison gas.
German communists and also Jews (some 4,000 individuals) who had been living in the Soviet Union were dutifully handed over to the Gestapo.
The MRP partnership also extended to other fields of endeavour. In spite of being warned that a German attack against the Soviet Union was imminent, Moscow faithfully continued to send trainloads of military raw materials to Germany, in fact right up to the moment of the German invasion of the USSR on June 22, 1941.
(To be continued.)
Θαυμάστε τα κουμμοθνια τι "πρωτοπόροι" του αντιφασιστικού αγώνα ήταν ...........
Μιλάμε για τόσο αγαστή συνεργασία που κάνανε αλλεπάλληλα συνέδρια τρομάρα τους !!!!!!!!!!!
Χαρακτηριστικό είναι το γεγονός ότι :
1) η Σφαγή του Κατύν αποφασίσθηκε κατά τη διάρκεια ενός από αυτά τα συνέδρια όπως θα δείτε παρακάτω ...
2) Η Γκεστάπο ΚΥΡΙΟΛΕΚΤΙΚΑ θαύμαζε τις μεθόδους πατάξεως της πολωνικής αντιστάσεως που εφάρμοζε η NKVD και μάλιστα στις επίσημες αναφορές της σημείωνε ότι ήταν 60 (!!!!!!) φορές πιο αποτελεσματικές από τις γερμανικές ..........
Αυτά βέβαια σε όλη την Ευρώπη είναι γνωστότατα και στα μαθητούδια του Γυμνασίου !!!!!!!!!
Στην Ελλάδα όμως τα ερυθρά φασιστοειδή (νομίζουν ότι ) τα έχουν αποκρύψει .............
1η πηγή
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestapo%E2%80%93NKVD_Conferences
The Gestapo-NKVD conferences were a series of meetings organized in late 1939 and early 1940, whose purpose was the mutual cooperation between Nazi Germany and Soviet UnionSoviet-German cooperationCooperation between Germany and Soviet Union dates to the aftermath of the First World War. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, ending World War I hostilities between Russia and Germany, was signed on March 3, 1918...
. In spite of several differences, both Heinrich HimmlerHeinrich Himmler
Heinrich Luitpold Himmler , one of the most powerful men in Nazi Germany, served as Chief of the German Police and Minister of the Interior...
and Lavrentiy BeriaLavrentiy Beria
Lavrentiy Pavlovich Beria was a Soviet politician, and chief of the Soviet security and secret police apparatus under Stalin. He was top deputy of the NKVD during the Great Purge, responsible for many of the millions of imprisonments and killings...
had common purposes as far as the fate of Poland was concerned, and the conferences discussed coordinating plans for occupation of the Polish nation and in fighting the Polish resistance movementPolish resistance movement in World War II
The Polish resistance movement fought against the occupation of Poland during World War II. The fight against the Nazi occupation of Poland was an important part of the European anti-fascist resistance movement and had the largest partisan army in occupied Europe...
, which was an irritant to both NaziNazi Germany
Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany between 1933 and 1945, while it was led by Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Worker's Party . The name Third Reich refers to the state as the successor to the Holy Roman Empire of the Middle Ages and the German...
and SovietSoviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. The name is a translation of the , tr. Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, abbreviated СССР, SSSR. The common short name is Soviet Union, from , Sovetskiy Soyuz...
occupiers of Poland.
Out of four conferences, the third took place in the famous Tatra MountainsTatra Mountains
The Tatra Mountains, Tatras or Tatra , constitute a mountain range which forms a natural border between Slovakia and Poland. They occupy an area of 750 km², the major part of which lies in Slovakia. The highest mountain is Gerlach at 2,655 m, located in Slovakia just north of Poprad...
spa of ZakopaneZakopane
Zakopane is a town in southern Poland with some 28,000 inhabitants , situated in Lesser Poland Province since 1999...
in Poland, and is the most remembered (the Zakopane Conference). From the Soviet side, several officers of the NKVDNKVD
The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs was the public and secret police organization of the Soviet Union that directly executed the rule of power of the Soviets, including...
participated in these meetings, and the Germans brought a group of experts from the GestapoGestapo
The was the official secret police of Nazi Germany. Beginning in April 1934, it was under the overall administration of the Schutzstaffel under Heinrich Himmler in his position as leader of the SS and Chief of German Police...
.
Prelude
In 1939, after the signing of the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact in August, the German invasion of Poland on 1 September and Soviet invasion of PolandSoviet invasion of Poland (1939)
The 1939 Soviet invasion of Poland was a military operation that started without a formal declaration of war on 17 September 1939, during the early stages of World War II, sixteen days after the beginning of the Nazi German attack on Poland...
on 17 September resulted in the country being occupied by the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany.
First Conference
Little is known about this meeting. It reportedly took place on September 27, 1939 in Brzesc nad Bugiem, while some units of the Polish Army were still fighting (see: Invasion of PolandInvasion of Poland (1939)
The Invasion of Poland, also known as the September Campaign or 1939 Defensive War in Poland and the Poland Campaign in Germany, was an invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, and a small Slovak contingent that marked the start of World War II...
). Both sides correctly expected that Polish resistance would start soon, thus they discussed ways of nipping it in the bud.
Second Conference
It took place some time at the end of November 1939, probably in PrzemyślPrzemysl
Przemyśl is a city in south-eastern Poland with 66,756 inhabitants, as of June 2009. In 2006, it became part of the Subcarpathian Voivodeship; it was previously the capital of Przemyśl Voivodeship....
- a city which in the period September 1939 - June 1941 was divided into two parts, German and Soviet. Apart from talks of fighting Polish resistance, the Soviets and the Germans discussed ways of exchanging Polish POWs. Also, first discussions about the occupation of Poland were started. Some historians claim this meeting took place in LvivLviv
Lviv is a major city in western Ukraine.It is regarded as one of the main cultural centres of today's Ukraine and historically also for Ukraine’s neighbour Poland. The historic centre of Lviv with its old buildings and cobblestone roads has survived the Second World War and the Soviet presence...
. It is also claimed a meeting was held in December.
Third Conference
This one is the best known, and took place in ZakopaneZakopane
Zakopane is a town in southern Poland with some 28,000 inhabitants , situated in Lesser Poland Province since 1999...
, starting on February 20, 1940 in the villa “Pan Tadeusz”, located on the road from Zakopane to Białka Tatrzańska. The German side was represented by Adolf EichmannAdolf Eichmann
Otto Adolf Eichmann , sometimes referred to as "the architect of the Holocaust", was a Nazi and SS-Obersturmbannführer...
and an official by the name of Zimmermann, who later became chief of the Radom District of the General GovernmentGeneral Government
The General Government refers to a part of the territories of Poland under German military occupation during World War II and that were a separate part of "Greater Germany"...
. The Soviets, among others, brought Rita Zimmerman (director of a gold mine in KolymaKolyma
The Kolyma region is located in the far north-eastern area of Russia in what is commonly known as Siberia but is actually part of the Russian Far East. It is bounded by the East Siberian Sea and the Arctic Ocean in the north and the Sea of Okhotsk to the south...
) and a man named Eichmans, creator of an efficient way of killing in the back of the head.
According to several sources, one of the effects of this conference was the German 'Ausserordentliche Befriedungsaktion (see: German AB Action operation in Poland), elimination of Krakow inteligentia Sonderaktion KrakauSonderaktion Krakau
Sonderaktion Krakau was the codename for a German operation against professors and academics from the University of Kraków and other Kraków universities at the beginning of World War II....
and the Soviet Katyn massacreKatyn massacre
The Katyn massacre, also known as the Katyn Forest massacre , was a mass murder of thousands of Polish military officers, policemen, intellectuals and civilian prisoners of war by Soviet NKVD, based on a proposal from Lavrentiy Beria to execute all members of the Polish Officer Corps...
(a number of historians, including Norman DaviesNorman Davies
Professor Ivor Norman Richard Davies Fellow of the British Academy is a leading British historian of Welsh descent, noted for his publications on the history of Poland, Europe, and the United Kingdom.- Academic career :Davies studied in Grenoble, France . He was a disciple of A. J. P...
, claim that these two events were carried out cooperatively). Also, both sides agreed in the final protocol that the Polish nation should be completely moved out by the year 1975, either by mass murders or by deportations to remote areas of SiberiaSiberia
Siberia , is the vast region constituting almost all of Northern Asia and for the most part currently serving as the massive central and eastern portion of the Russian Federation, having served in the same capacity previously for the USSR from its beginning, and the Russian Empire beginning in the...
(by that year, 95% of the Poles still alive were going to be deported to the shores of the JanaJana
Jana is the spelling of several unrelated given names.* a Slavic short-form for Johanna.* the Roman goddess Diana, who was often called Jana*In India however, Jana is a shortform for the Hindu god Janarthanan....
river, located in northern Siberia, about two thousand miles north of VladivostokVladivostok
Vladivostok is Russia's largest port city on the Pacific Ocean and the administrative center of Primorsky Krai. It is situated at the head of the Golden Horn Bay not far from Russia's border with China and North Korea...
).
News about the conference must have leaked out to Great BritainGreat Britain
Great Britain is an island lying to the northwest of Continental Europe. It is the ninth largest island in the world, and the largest European island. With a population of about 59.6 million people, it is the third most populated island on Earth. Great Britain is surrounded by over 1000 smaller...
, but LondonLondon
[]London is the capital of England and the United Kingdom. It has been a major settlement for two millennia, and the history of London goes back to its founding by the Romans, when it was named Londinium. London's core, the ancient City of London, the 'square mile', retains its medieval boundaries...
did not seem to care, which was immediately noticed by Joseph StalinJoseph Stalin
Joseph Stalin was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Central Committee from 1922 until his death in 1953...
. Also, most probably in Zakopane, the Germans rejected suggestions of the Soviets to take over Polish officers, which sealed their fate. On March 5, 1940, in MoscowMoscow
Moscow is the capital and the largest city of Russia. It is also the largest metropolitan area in Europe, and ranks among the largest urban areas in the world. Moscow is a major political, economic, cultural, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the world, a...
, the decision was made to murder them.
British historian Robert ConquestRobert Conquest
George Robert Ackworth Conquest is a British historian who became a well-known writer and researcher on the Soviet Union with the publication in 1968 of The Great Terror, an account of Stalin's purges of the 1930s.-Early career:...
in his 1991 book Stalin: Breaker of Nations stated: "Terminal horror suffered by so many millions of innocent Jewish, Slavic, and other European peoples as a result of this meeting of evil minds is an indelible stain on the history and integrity of Western civilization, with all of its humanitarian pretensions". Also, professor George WatsonGeorge Watson
George Watson may refer to:* George Watson , Scottish accountant and the founder of George Watson's College in Edinburgh* George Watson , Scottish painter* George Watson , Australian rugby footballer...
from Cambridge University concluded in his "Rehearsal for the Holocaust?" Commentary (June 1981) that the fateKatyn massacre
The Katyn massacre, also known as the Katyn Forest massacre , was a mass murder of thousands of Polish military officers, policemen, intellectuals and civilian prisoners of war by Soviet NKVD, based on a proposal from Lavrentiy Beria to execute all members of the Polish Officer Corps...
of the interned Polish officers may have been decided at this conference.
Fourth conference
The fourth and last meeting took place in March 1940 in KrakowKraków
Kraków , in English also spelled Krakow or Cracow and pronounced , is one of the largest and oldest cities in Poland and a popular tourist destination. Its historic centre was inscribed on the list of World Heritage Sites as the first of its kind...
(according to some historians, it was part of the Zakopane Conference). This event was described by General Tadeusz Bór-KomorowskiTadeusz Bór-Komorowski
General Count Tadeusz Komorowski , better known by the name Bór-Komorowski was a Polish military leader....
, commander of Armia KrajowaArmia Krajowa
The Armia Krajowa , abbreviated "AK", was the dominant Polish resistance movement in World War II German-occupied Poland. It was formed in February 1942 from the Związek Walki Zbrojnej . Over the next two years, it absorbed most other Polish underground forces...
in his book “Armia Podziemna” (“The Secret Army”). In it he describes how a special delegation of NKVD came to Krakow, which was going to discuss with Gestapo how to act against the Polish resistance. The talks lasted for several weeks.
One of the ways of fighting Polish organized resistance in the German occupied General GovernmentGeneral Government
The General Government refers to a part of the territories of Poland under German military occupation during World War II and that were a separate part of "Greater Germany"...
was creation of communist organizations (such as "Hammer and Sickle" or "Association of Friends of Soviet Union"), overseen by Moscow. Left-wing activists were cooperating with the NKVD, passing to them information about Polish patriotic groups. The Soviets then handed these reports to the Gestapo.
2η πηγή
http://www.eesti.ca/?op=article&articleid=24922
The two secret police organizations implemented full collaboration in German-Soviet occupied Poland. On the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact (MRP) it is important to remind ourselves of the thoroughness with which the spirit of the pact was fulfilled by the actions of the parties involved – namely the intimate co-operation between the Nazi Gestapo and the communist NKVD (forerunner of the KGB).
From October of 1939 on the KGB and Gestapo joined in meetings in Zakopane in Poland, to discuss possibilities of joint actions. On December 7 the Gestapo-NKVD conference planned the liquidation of Polish resistance. We note that at the time, the Gestapo numbered 7,500 while the NKVD ranks had 366,000 personnel. (Both Germany and the Soviet Union had invaded Poland three months before, as agreed in the MRP).
In March-April of 1940, after six months of the joint occupation of a conquered Poland, the NKVD and Gestapo held a prolonged conference in Kraków, Poland.
The infamous Katyn forest massacre occurred about the time of this last conference. About 15,000 Polish officers, policemen and some civilian authorities who had refused to collaborate with the occupying Soviets were taken to the Katyn forest and shot in the back of the head with German bullets, but with Russian weapons. Although Poles knew the truth about this war crime, Moscow insisted that German troops were to blame. Not until the break up of the Warsaw Pact was Warsaw willing to release documents revealing Soviet culpability.
Professor George Watson and historian Robert Conquest have both concluded that the fate of the interned Polish officers had been determined at this conference. Stalin gained confidence in deciding to exterminate them from details discussed at the conference.
“Being sixty times more efficient than the Germans,” the NKVD methods for combating Polish resistance were greatly admired by the Gestapo. During these meetings the Soviet NKVD shared its well-honed terror and extermination practices with the Nazi SS. The only advanced technique that the Nazis had over Soviet methods was the use of poison gas.
German communists and also Jews (some 4,000 individuals) who had been living in the Soviet Union were dutifully handed over to the Gestapo.
The MRP partnership also extended to other fields of endeavour. In spite of being warned that a German attack against the Soviet Union was imminent, Moscow faithfully continued to send trainloads of military raw materials to Germany, in fact right up to the moment of the German invasion of the USSR on June 22, 1941.
(To be continued.)
ΔΑΙΔΑΛΟΣ- Αριθμός μηνυμάτων : 2845
Ημερομηνία εγγραφής : 28/03/2010
Τόπος : daidalakos@yahoo.com
ΔΑΙΔΑΛΟΣ- Αριθμός μηνυμάτων : 2845
Ημερομηνία εγγραφής : 28/03/2010
Τόπος : daidalakos@yahoo.com
ΔΑΙΔΑΛΟΣ- Αριθμός μηνυμάτων : 2845
Ημερομηνία εγγραφής : 28/03/2010
Τόπος : daidalakos@yahoo.com
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Ελληνική Ιστορία 1940-49 .Ένα έθνος σε κρίση :: ΠΕΡΙΟΔΟΙ - ΘΕΜΑΤΙΚΕΣ ΕΝΟΤΗΤΕΣ :: Παράλληλα γεγονότα του Β' ΠΠ
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